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What is “도”?

“도” is a versatile Korean postposition that:

  • Adds another item of the same kind (“also / too”)
  • Emphasizes that even an extreme or unexpected case is included (“even”)
  • Highlights or intensifies the preceding word or phrase

It can attach to nouns, adverbs, other particles, and even verb endings.

1. Usage

1) Addition of the Same Kind (“also / too”)

Indicates that the same thing applies to an additional item.

  • 저는 집에 냄비가 있어요. 오븐 있습니다. (I have a pot at home. I also have an oven.)
  • 지금 밥을 먹고 디저트 먹고 싶어요. (I’m eating rice now, and I also want dessert.)
  • 저희 부모님은 키가 작은데 저 키가 작아요. (My parents are short, and I’m short, too.)
  • 나는 이번 주에 여행 가는데, 너 그럴 계획이니? (I’m traveling this week—are you, too?)
  • 이 요리에는 야채뿐만 아니라 고기 들어갑니다. (This dish contains not only vegetables but also meat.)

2) Inclusion of an Extreme Case (“even”)

Shows that something applies even in a far-reaching or extreme situation; often paired with negatives.

  • 너무 늦어서 지각할지 몰라요. (It’s so late that we might even be late.)
  • 그 사람은 신발까지 명품이에요. (That person’s shoes are even designer.)
  • 공부한 게 하나 기억이 나지 않아요. (I can’t remember even one thing I studied.)
  • 직원은 심지어 월급 제대로 받지 못했다. (The employee couldn’t even receive proper pay.)

3) Emphasis (Intensifier)

Strengthens the meaning of the preceding adverb or verb form.

  • 아직 새벽인데 일찍 일어나네. (It’s still dawn, but you sure got up so early.)
  • 편지가 참 자주오는군요. (Letters come so very often, don’t they?)
  • 내가 널 퍽 믿겠다. (As if I would ever trust you!)
  • 얼굴이 참 예쁘기 하지요. (Your face is indeed quite pretty.)

2. Practice Quiz

Choose the correct particle to complete each sentence:

  1. 지금 밥을 먹고 디저트___ 먹고 싶어요. (I’m eating rice now, and I also want dessert.)
  2. 나는 이번 주에 여행 가는데, 너___ 그럴 계획이니? (I’m traveling this week—are you, too?)
  3. 공부한 게 하나___ 기억이 나지 않아요. (I can’t remember even one thing I studied.)
  4. 아직 새벽인데 일찍___ 일어나네. (It’s still dawn, but you sure got up so early.)
  5. 얼굴이 참 예쁘기___ 하지요. (Your face is indeed quite pretty.)

3. Answers

  • 지금 밥을 먹고 디저트 먹고 싶어요.
  • 나는 이번 주에 여행 가는데, 너 그럴 계획이니?
  • 공부한 게 하나 기억이 나지 않아요.
  • 아직 새벽인데 일찍 일어나네.
  • 얼굴이 참 예쁘기 하지요.